Cloudseer
Part 1,
The 1,500 hour ATP requirement probably will be "grandfathered" for those employed by an airline, but it will be a requirement to be hired at that point. It might be relaxed by attendance at a qualified school or military training, but bill sponsor, Charles Schumer (D-NY) was very emphatic when the FAA asked about lowering it--"it's 1,500 hours, that's why it is in the law". Remember this law, not FAA regulation, was a Congressional reaction to an accident. Also, it is 1,500 hours and an Airline Transport Pilot license, not just 1,500 hours.
Yes, it will be difficult for many to get the requirments--THAT'S THE POINT!
Part 2,
There is NOWHERE better than the US to learn how to fly--witness the many people on this forum from around the world that came to the US to learn. To work overseas, you will need that country's work permit. Most countries are very protective of their home pilots, especially in today's times. India threw out a shedload of expats that weren't captains. It is possible, but in your situation, difficult. Many foreign airlines that have hired Americans have done so by hiring experienced, retired US airline pilots who took early retirements. 500-hour US pilots don't get jobs in Canada, Australia or in the EU. Exceptions might be parts of Africa like Botswana.
I'd be very surprised if you could get all those licenses and ratings done in 5 months, even doing it full-time. That is very ambitious and likely sales talk.
Getting licenses, outside the US, is very possible and with a US or any ICAO license involved taking the various written exams and a flight test. That still won't get you a work permit, just the legal ability to fly. Not sure about converting a foreign license into an FAA license, but I would ask some pointed questions at an overseas school as to what standards they train to, is it acceptable to the FAA. European, Canadian and Australian schools would be acceptable, but probably very expensive--costs are a good bit higher than the US.
While learning, you will not be employed, so can you afford to live without income? I learned, before the military, by washing, waxing and fueling planes and it still took two years. Then, USAF.
Lastly, professional aviation is NOT an "adventure"; professional flying is about being bored, safe and no surprises for the paying customer. It is no place for adventurers or perceived risk-takers.
Good luck, watch these forums and listen to them
GF