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-   -   PIC & SIC questions (https://www.airlinepilotforums.com/aviation-law/33108-pic-sic-questions.html)

WEACLRS 11-14-2008 02:28 PM


Originally Posted by WEACLRS (Post 494062)
...So if the aircraft requires two pilots by it's FAA type certificate or if the flight requires two pilots under the FAA regulations it is flying under, and you are rated (category, class, and type), and you find yourself in the right seat, and its a part 91 flight, you can log SIC, flight time, day/night, cross-country, but not instrument...

I'm incorrect here. As an SIC you may log the condition of the flight, including instrument conditions. You may not log the approach for currency requirements unless you actually manipulated the controls (it was your leg).

See the following FAA interpretation (it's a bit dated, but still applies):

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/.../Carpenter.rtf

NoyGonnaDoIt 11-15-2008 04:08 AM


Originally Posted by WEACLRS (Post 498851)
I'm incorrect here. As an SIC you may log the condition of the flight, including instrument conditions. You may not log the approach for currency requirements unless you actually manipulated the controls (it was your leg).

I think you're incorrect here also:

To log Pilot-in-Command time you must be in one of two situations. You must be the pilot designated as pilot-in-command as defined in 14 CFR part 1.1.
***
f you are designated by the company as the PIC for the return part 91 flight, and you're appropriately rated (which you would be), then you can log the flight as pilot-in-command, flight time, night, instrument, etc
It sounds like you are saying that acting as PIC as defined by FAR 1.1 (Part 1 PIC) is sufficient for logging PIC time. That's the part I think is incorrect.

I think the universe of logging PIC is contained in 61.51 and that, unless you fit into a 61.51 "box", there is no basis for logging FAA PIC time (for certificates, ratings or currency) just by being the "Part 1 PIC. "

There are only 61.51 boxes for a non-flying Part 1 PIC to log PIC time:
  • "acting as pilot in command of an aircraft on which more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is conducted." 61.51(e)(1)(iii)
  • an ATP "while acting as pilot-in-command of an operation requiring an airline transport pilot certificate." 61.51(e)(2)
Neither of these would even be necessary if there was blanket authority to log PIC time by simply being the Part 1 PIC.

The FAA issue is complete different from the employment issue where many pilots log all of their Part 1 PIC in a separate column to have numbers that show their experience being responsible for the aircraft and the flight (rather than the time when, as a brand new private pilot who had only flown a CE-152, his uncle let him be the "sole manipulator of the flight controls" of his Meridian for .2).

BTW, I think the rest of your explanation is not only technically spot on but written in a style that is very clear and easy to follow.

Qtip 11-16-2008 10:07 PM


Originally Posted by atpwannabe (Post 492864)
Ok, since I don't have access to the 135 thread, I will pose my questions here.

Do I have to meet Part 135 minimums & insurance requirements (they may be one in the same), to sit SIC during a charter flight?

Once the passengers disembark the a/c and say the a/c returns empty of passengers, is that leg considered 135 or 91? If 91, what qualifications must I have in order to sit as PIC?


atp

In regards to your question in bold:
I don't think that an empty aircraft in your example necessarily is a Part 91 flight. Lets assume that someone, for some odd reason pays a 135 operator to fly an aircraft without passengers or cargo. The flight is paid for, regardless of what or who is onboard. It must then be flown under Part 135. Another example: A charter company in LAX is paid to fly a passenger LAX-PHX, drop him/her off and then return empty. The passenger was quoted, and charged for the airplane to return to LAX. Although the aircraft is "empty" someone paid for it to return to LAX and it is then a revenue flight and must be operated IAW Part 135.

WEACLRS 11-19-2008 06:57 AM


Originally Posted by NoyGonnaDoIt (Post 499090)
I think you're incorrect here also: It sounds like you are saying that acting as PIC as defined by FAR 1.1 (Part 1 PIC) is sufficient for logging PIC time. That's the part I think is incorrect.

I think the universe of logging PIC is contained in 61.51 and that, unless you fit into a 61.51 "box", there is no basis for logging FAA PIC time (for certificates, ratings or currency) just by being the "Part 1 PIC. "...

:) I agree. I went through the FAA interpretations on their website and couldn't find any statement that says performing duties under the definition of pilot-in-command from part 1.1 is sufficient for logging PIC (that doesn't mean it's not there somewhere though). When I sat for a moment and thought about my flying and the logging of flight time, 61.51(e) and (f) does cover it completely.

When I teach this stuff I always try to remind my students to read the regs literally, too not read into them anything that is not there. And then to go find the FAA interpretations to see how they been applied. I should follow my own counsel!

aero24 12-03-2008 12:43 PM


Originally Posted by Qtip (Post 500068)
In regards to your question in bold:
I don't think that an empty aircraft in your example necessarily is a Part 91 flight. Lets assume that someone, for some odd reason pays a 135 operator to fly an aircraft without passengers or cargo. The flight is paid for, regardless of what or who is onboard. It must then be flown under Part 135. Another example: A charter company in LAX is paid to fly a passenger LAX-PHX, drop him/her off and then return empty. The passenger was quoted, and charged for the airplane to return to LAX. Although the aircraft is "empty" someone paid for it to return to LAX and it is then a revenue flight and must be operated IAW Part 135.

I agree that's how it should be, but I know of 135 operators that fly their crews under part 91 for the first and last empty legs of the day so that the 14 hour duty day doesn't start until the pax have boarded.

atpwannabe 12-03-2008 02:18 PM


Originally Posted by Qtip (Post 500068)
In regards to your question in bold:
I don't think that an empty aircraft in your example necessarily is a Part 91 flight. Lets assume that someone, for some odd reason pays a 135 operator to fly an aircraft without passengers or cargo. The flight is paid for, regardless of what or who is onboard. It must then be flown under Part 135. Another example: A charter company in LAX is paid to fly a passenger LAX-PHX, drop him/her off and then return empty. The passenger was quoted, and charged for the airplane to return to LAX. Although the aircraft is "empty" someone paid for it to return to LAX and it is then a revenue flight and must be operated IAW Part 135.


Is that the norm or does it occur as an isolated event?

I mean, in most cases will a 135 outfit charge the customer for a return trip that's empty? I understand the economics of it, but is that the practice of the 135 industry?


atp

joepilot 12-03-2008 05:10 PM


Originally Posted by aero24 (Post 510986)
I agree that's how it should be, but I know of 135 operators that fly their crews under part 91 for the first and last empty legs of the day so that the 14 hour duty day doesn't start until the pax have boarded.

I see a problem here.

"Transportation, not local in nature, furnished by the certificate holder, shall not be considered as part of any required rest period."

Also, FAR 135.263(b) states "No certificate holder may assign any flight crewmember to ANY duty with the certificate holder during any required rest period."

Under Part 135, it's not really a 14 hour "duty" period that is important, it is the required 10 hour lookback rest period that is controlling.

Also, the part 91 ferry flight time (positioning leg, not going home leg) counts against the max flight time in the duty period.


Joe

rickair7777 12-03-2008 10:09 PM


Originally Posted by joepilot (Post 511181)
I see a problem here.

"Transportation, not local in nature, furnished by the certificate holder, shall not be considered as part of any required rest period."

Also, FAR 135.263(b) states "No certificate holder may assign any flight crewmember to ANY duty with the certificate holder during any required rest period."

Under Part 135, it's not really a 14 hour "duty" period that is important, it is the required 10 hour lookback rest period that is controlling.

Also, the part 91 ferry flight time (positioning leg, not going home leg) counts against the max flight time in the duty period.


Joe

No kidding...you can do all kinds of 91 flying, airplane cleaning, mop the hangar floor, etc AFTER the 135 duty is done. But not before, otherwise it starts your clock.

Same with 121.

GauleyPilot 12-04-2008 07:51 AM


Originally Posted by Qtip (Post 500068)
In regards to your question in bold:
I don't think that an empty aircraft in your example necessarily is a Part 91 flight. Lets assume that someone, for some odd reason pays a 135 operator to fly an aircraft without passengers or cargo. The flight is paid for, regardless of what or who is onboard. It must then be flown under Part 135. Another example: A charter company in LAX is paid to fly a passenger LAX-PHX, drop him/her off and then return empty. The passenger was quoted, and charged for the airplane to return to LAX. Although the aircraft is "empty" someone paid for it to return to LAX and it is then a revenue flight and must be operated IAW Part 135.


I remember this interpertation coming up in the 1990s, making news in the trade publications, and then being abandoned.

135 positioning legs are considered to be operated under Part 91. At least in the two FSDOs in the Eastern Region that I have been under.

joepilot 12-04-2008 01:42 PM


Originally Posted by GauleyPilot (Post 511519)
I remember this interpertation coming up in the 1990s, making news in the trade publications, and then being abandoned.

135 positioning legs are considered to be operated under Part 91. At least in the two FSDOs in the Eastern Region that I have been under.

Yes, it is absolutely true that the positioning legs are operated under Part 91.

HOWEVER, according to FAR Part 135 regs, the positioning legs cannot be part of your required rest period, and Part 91 commercial flight time counts against your maximum Part 135 flight time. The Feds don't buy the idea that professional pilots jump in an airplane and fly empty to Omaha for free, and only then start getting paid.

Joe


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