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Old 11-07-2011 | 07:00 AM
  #79706  
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Carl Spackler
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Joined: Apr 2008
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Originally Posted by Jack Bauer
Here is your earlier argument: "The DPA has not acted to change policy. They have instead decided to attack the institution ... which suggests to me the DPA is mostly OK with ALPA's policies and practice." Your current argument is not much better and still a logical fallacy. I have a feeling you already know that though. See below:

A logical fallacy is, roughly speaking, an error of reasoning. When someone adopts a position, or tries to persuade someone else to adopt a position, based on a bad piece of reasoning, they commit a fallacy.

Fallacy of accident or sweeping generalization: a generalization that disregards exceptions.

Example
Argument: Cutting people is a crime. Surgeons cut people, therefore, surgeons are criminals.
Problem: Cutting people is only sometimes a crime.

Argument: It is illegal for a stranger to enter someone's home uninvited. Firefighters enter people's homes uninvited, therefore firefighters are breaking the law.
Problem: The exception does not break nor define the rule; a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid (where an accountable exception is ignored).

Converse fallacy of accident or hasty generalization: argues from a special case to a general rule.

Example
Argument: Every person I've met speaks English, so it must be true that all people speak English.
Problem: Those who have been met are a representative subset of the entire set.

Affirming the consequent: draws a conclusion from premises that do not support that conclusion.

Example:
Argument: If people have the flu, they cough. Torres is coughing. Therefore, Torres has the flu.
Problem: Other things, such as asthma, can cause someone to cough.

Argument: If it rains, the ground gets wet. The ground is wet, therefore it rained.
Problem: There are other ways by which the ground could get wet (e.g. someone spilled water).

Denying the antecedent: draws a conclusion from premises that do not support that conclusion.

Example
Argument: If it is raining outside, it must be cloudy. It is not raining outside. Therefore, it is not cloudy.
Problem: There does not have to be rain in order for there to be clouds.
Very, very well stated. People should cut and paste this into a separate document. Many people make really bad decisions based on falling for one of the mental traps listed above.

Carl