That does not make sense. Only way it could happen is if it was maybe the tower or TRACON at your airline's hub and the local ATC supervisor had your CP on speed-dial. This would be an informal process might not involve the FAA (yes it has happened at my airline).

But in order to have anything on your FAA record you would have...
1) received an LOI (certified mail?)
2) Almost certainly been contacted to discuss the matter. At some point in here (or in response to the LOI) you provide them a copy of your NASA form receipt.
3) received a letter indicated their judgement and proposed penalty; the later would be nothing if your NASA form was submitted properly and accepted. But like he said, you can have a violation on your record even if ASRS voids the penalty.

So you should know if an investigation was conducted, and what the outcome was. But you can email the FAA or fill out a form online and they will send you a copy of your record...better do that.