Nevets,

A pilot can still be violated after an ASRS report and even after a ASAP report. What these programs do is mitigate the penalties for a violation of the regulations. Even if the penalty of a suspension or fine is avoided the finding of violation still happens and as you state would be tracked.

Participation in these programs is evidence of a "compliance oriented attitude" which allows the mitigation of what might otherwise be a Certificate Action.

At a regional carrier there were pilots who had runway / taxiway incursions. They were able to mitigate those with no Certificate action by participation and training. If asked if they had been violated, or warned, the answer was "no." Those penalties AND finding of VIOLATION were avoided.