Never claimed to be an "expert" on anything..Atpwannabe is making the claim that standards are never lowered for minorities and I am here to tell you it damn well does happen has happened in the past and continues to happen and not just in aviation either. My grandparents? You will have to go back a hell of a lot farther than them to go back to slavery. Here is a little link just to show you these things exist at least the supreme court sided with this case of reverse discrimination. Ricci v. DeStefano - Reverse Discrimination Firefighters