He asked if they helped "significantly." I'd say upgrading to Captain helps significantly, military training helps significantly, 121 Qual'd for former military guys helps significantly. 1000 hrs+ 121 PIC might help significantly, 5000 hrs TT, along with 1000 hrs TPIC might help significantly.
A masters or PhD? IMO not significantly. It might be helpful but it's never been mentioned as something significant in any of the briefings or 1:1 conversations with hiring people but the issues in the first paragraph have been mentioned.
Showing up at a job fair probably has more value. Seriously. That's $1000, two days, 48 hrs, vs the effort getting a masters. Does a masters have some value? Maybe. I think yes but limited. Significant? No.
I just looked at approx 15 statements or charts provided by UA, DL and AA hiring departments. None mentiond additional degrees in the data they presented. If they place a significant value on it they're not mentioning it.
Your resume is(?) approx 7,200 TT, 4,200+ PIC, 1,100+ TPIC, 121 CA, almost 4,000 hrs jet, and you think a masters got you the job? I think you're selling your career, and resume, short. That's almost the exact typical resume of a new hire except for the masters degree.