The only thing malfunctions induce is a corrective action. The corrective action can either be appropriate or not.

There are exceedingly few scenarios where a malfunction, if properly responded to, might still result in aircraft damage/hull loss. So, in my opinion, an incorrect response to a malfunction is actually a greater threat to the safety of the aircraft than the malfunction itself in 99% of cases.

Therefore, if there is an accident due to improperly followed procedures, I would say it was human induced/human error/pilot error. Whatever you want to call it. The malfunction is almost meaningless at that point.

If someone steps on the wrong rudder during an engine failure and plants it in the dirt, was it the malfunctioning engine that caused the crash or improper response? If you think it’s the former, then please stay away from my flight deck.