First comes Orientation where they put you on the payroll and give you a study guide. You go home and work on memorizing limitations and memory items and are sent to a week of Indoc after about 5 days to 5 weeks depending on class seniority and how backed up the training department is. After Indoc, you might have another break--it was one week for me a year ago--but they will minimize any breaks in training after that.
There are two days of SPC ground training (emergency training), then you get 5 days to complete CBTs (Computer Based Training modules), then 3 days of Systems, a day in the FMS lab, and a day of CPT prep and the KV (Knowledge Validation test). Then comes 8 four hour CPTs (Cockpit Procedures Training) with a training partner and instructor in a stationary sim, followed by the PV (Procedures Validation) and an observation ride (two legs in the jump seat of an Envoy plane). Captain candidates get a couple more days of ground while FOs get up to a week off. Next comes 8 sessions in a full motion simulator followed by the MV (Maneuvers Validation) and LOE (Line Oriented Experience). Then you get 3 days off before starting IOE (Initial Operating Experience) with a training captain in the airplane. FOs are generally scheduled for 25 hours of IOE and DECs for 50 hours of IOE but they will give you more if you need it. Indoc to the end of sim training generally takes about 2 months.
My advice is to practice flows and callouts with a partner in the study room in the hotel in front of a cockpit poster until you have them down cold. When you get a sim partner, work with them as much as possible. Hopefully you get a good partner, but part of the job is being able to work with anyone whether you like them or not. Even if you learn the flows and callouts quickly, practice as much as your partner needs because it will make it easier to succeed in the simulator if your partner also knows them well. It's very possible to succeed while your partner fails out--they will separate you eventually--but it's much more pleasant to work together, help each other, and succeed together.