Should Europe be more self-sufficient?
Macron, meanwhile, has long advocated what he calls "strategic autonomy" - essentially Europe learning to be more self-sufficient, in order to survive.
"Europe... can die and that depends entirely on our choices," he said this spring.
Covid showed Europe how dependent it was on Chinese imports, like medicines. Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine exposed Europe's
over-reliance on Russian energy.
Macron is now sounding the alarm about the US: "The United States of America has two priorities. The USA first, and that is legitimate, and the China issue, second. And the European issue is not a geopolitical priority for the coming years and decades."
Trump's return to the White House is making European leaders think about continental weaknesses.
The big question around defence
When it comes to defence, Trump's insistence that Europe spend more is generally accepted (though how much more is a hot topic of debate). But where Trump talks in terms of increasing GDP spending, Europeans are discussing how to spend their defence budgets more wisely and in a more joined-up way to boost continental safety.
Emmanuel Macron wants an EU-wide industrial defence policy. He says the war in Ukraine illustrated that "our fragmentation is a weakness... We have sometimes discovered ourselves, as Europeans, that our guns were not of the same calibre, that our missiles did not match."