It is important to note that Va only protects you against a full, abrupt, positive elevator control movement.

It does not say anywhere that if you kick the rudder or roll the ailerons fully that you are protected because these control surfaces do not directly increase load factor!

I am a little less educated on Turbulent air penetration speed. however, i believe we are on the right track, you stall before you break. Or maybe they figure out the amount of load (positive, negative, twisting) of each part of the airframe and take the lowest so that in turbulence the aircraft will regain structural integrity

btw, way to exemplify your desire to know the bare minimum about something and encourage others to do the same...kinda relates to other decisions you've made too! Don't chastise someone for wanting to know more about aviation. Just cause you wanna know the bare minimum, doesn't mean we all do.