Yes, they both do about the same thing. A Feeder Route is a
"route depicted on instrument approach procedure charts to designate routes for aircraft to proceed from the en route structure to the initial approach fix (IAF)."
A STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL- A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air traffic control arrival procedure published for pilot use in graphic and/or textual form. STARs provide transition from the en route structure to an outer fix or an instrument approach fix/arrival waypoint in the terminal area.
Most airports don't have STARs. The approach might have a feeder off a nearby VOR to set you up for an approach. STARs can start a couple states away from the airport and can branch off to get set for different approaches or even airports in the terminal area. STARs stand alone, feeder routes are a part of an approach.