I can only speak for the heavy USAF world.
Beginning when I was a young officer, the USAF began favoring outside the cockpit items for promotion rather than doing one's job of knowing your mission and airplane, flying airplanes, leading your crew, and completing the mission. This trend accelerated and continued up until my recent retirement.
When I was new to my first squadron, every program chief (training, stan eval, scheduling, safety) was at least a seasoned O-4 if not an O-5. Some time around 2006 we had two rounds of voluntary separation which targeted senior O-4s and O-3s. Overnight most of the experience (what little was left) walked out the door. This meant first tour O-3s were heading up FTU and the training programs. This previously was not done. I also saw continuity folders for the folks taking over your job go away as a thing of the past. People stopped doing them and nobody required it. The new folks were left bewildered by what the previous folks had done and how to do the job they were given.
Then we started seeing a trend of incidents/accidents. In the KC-10, my unit had a rash of taxi incidents as well as numerous gross navigational errors. Following the C-5 accident at Dover, there was a push of "back to basics" from Air Mobility Command. To me the push was little more than lip service to what the real problem was.
USAF big jet flying has not evolved like the civilian airline world has. I know I know I know -- we're not airlines. But 99% of the flying we do is similar. Today we still operate the KC-10, our checklists, and procedures almost nearly the same way when the aircraft first came into service in the early 80s. More so, there is a lack of standardization across the different fleets (unlike the airlines which fly a "one airline" concept of procedures or doing business). In the airline world you have one Flight Operations Manual for the entire airline, regardless of fleet. In the USAF, you have volumes of manuals (GP, FIH, AP, and the various regional supps), the Vol 2s and Vol 3s each of them having own supps depending on which command you are in, active guard or reserve, or which base you're assigned to. It's a effing mess. More so, the standards is a mess because the USAF doesn't give a standard check ride or check sim. Your check ride depends on your check airman and what exactly he wants to see. There are some requirements but the details of the flight itself are not specific and they can do whatever or have you perform whatever procedure.
When we switched from carrying paper regulations to digital USB sticks, the lack of general knowledge of aviation was noticeable on those who grew up in the new system.
Training. Even when I left the KC-10, the way we trained was a huge problem. Pilots were spring loaded into instantly flipping switches during an emergency which required recall from memory items. I can't tell you how many times I gave a simple electrical problem to the engineer, but both the engineer and one of the pilots performed the boldface recall memory items for the loss of all generators or electrical power -- thus totally screwing up the issue and confusing themselves. In the airline world, we are taught to relax, give it some time, smoothly and with coordination from the other pilot work the issue. Nothing is fast unless the fuselage is on fire.
Back to that C-5 crash. AMC blamed the pilots for rushing and not following the checklist. However, that's exactly how they trained and flew engine failures/shutdowns while in the pattern during normal training missions. Meaning, they way they trained wasn't how they should have handled a real engine failure/shutdown. They should have been training those procedures only in the simulator and let the scenario play out without rushing the crew -- the proverbial getting ones' ducks in a row.
Since I left the 10 I heard of more and more mistakes the crews were making. We've averted disaster numerous times but they never should have even gotten that close to being disasters.
This is just my opinion. This is my experience of being a military and civilian pilot, seeing the difference between the two, the constant change towards perfection in the airline world, and watching the annual decline of military pilots since I started this profession back in 1997.