Excellent example of how title-role relation can vary between cultures. Hence the need for some sort of standardization, starting with defining terms, describing jobs, and relating one to the other. If it's of any consolation, the ICAO here, in Montreal, has been wrestling with this issue for decades without notable success. Without any teeth, its findings and recommendations end up in its member states' file 13. So maybe if pilots worldwide start reading the same sheet music, the industry just might pay attention to the harmony. But for that to happen, they must take an active role in shaping their industry. Consider the following:

As an industry, aviation now boasts a century of history. As a profession, it is mature enough to take care of itself if line pilots are willing to accept the challenge to take care of themselves. Given the necessary attention, pilots can establish their own order as do other professionals.

The model suggested is a self-policing professional society of Air Carrier pilots with a mandate and powers to license its members based on its own standards. (ibid p. 325-326)

Such national orders could then conciliate their standards and thereby bypass ICAO and its impotence.