Here is an extract from the Part 61 FAQ's. According to Washington, the logging of Instrument time is independent of who is the flying pilot.


Subject: Re: Logging Actual Instrument Time by the SIC

QUESTION: Regarding § 61.51's definition of "operating an aircraft" an aircraft certified for two pilots is being operated under part 121. The PIC is "flying" the aircraft. The SIC is the non-flying pilot. Can the SIC log actual instrument flight time for those periods of actual IMC conditions when the PIC is flying the aircraft? Is the SIC considered to be "operating" the aircraft at this moment to justify logging this instrument time.

ANSWER: Ref. § 61.51(f) and (g); The SIC who is the non-flying pilot would be permitted to log the actual instrument flight time as follows:

Total Flight Time: You may log the total flight time
SIC Flight Time: You may log the total flight time as SIC flight time while serving as the SIC
PIC Flight Time: None
[Make and model of aircraft] Flight time: You may log the total flight time in the make and model of aircraft
[Day or Night Conditions] Flight Time: You may log the total flight time for the condition of flight
Actual Instrument Flight Time: You may log the total actual instrument flight time
Cross Country Flight Time: If the flight qualifies as cross country flight time, you may log the total cross country flight time
Instrument Approaches: None
Takeoffs (Daytime): None
Landings (Daytime): None
Takeoffs (Night time): None
Landings (Night time): None
{Q&A-345a}

QUESTION: I recently upgraded to captain and have a question regarding the logging of flight time. My question is: As the PIC, when I’m not the flying pilot, should I be logging night and/or instrument flight time? Obviously the approaches can't be logged, but I'm wondering if the actual instrument time can be logged. Same goes for the night time.

ANSWER: Ref. § 61.51(e)(2) and § 61.57; If you’re a holder of an ATP certificate, and provided you’re “. . . acting as pilot-in-command of an operation requiring an airline transport pilot certificate” then yes you may log actual instrument time and night time while acting as pilot-in-command. But don’t read into that answer, that you can count the time toward meeting the recent flight experience of § 61.57. Because you can’t. Those requirements are “hands-on-the-controls” requirements.
{Q&A-340}