Departing IFR no radar
#12
You fly from one radial DME fix to another. You don't have to fly directly to, from, or over a navaid.
Air Force Manual 11-217 Vol 1 Instrument Flying Procedures.
7.10. Proceeding Direct to a VOR/DME or TACAN Fix. To proceed direct from one fix to another is often required during departures, approaches, or when maneuvering in a terminal area. Bearing and range information from a VOR/DME or TACAN facility is sufficient for navigating direct to any fix within reception range. The following are some techniques to accomplish a fix-to-fix (Figure 7.13):
7.10.1. Tune. Tune the TACAN or VOR/DME equipment (VOR and DME stations must be collocated).
7.10.2. Turn. If not proceeding in the general direction of the desired fix, turn to a heading approximately halfway between the head of the bearing pointer and the radial on which the desired fix is located. The objective is to turn in the general direction of the desired fix rather than fly away from the fix while attempting to determine a precise heading.
7.10.2.1. HSI. When using an HSI, the desired radial should be set in the course selector window and the aircraft turned to a heading between the head of the bearing pointer and the head of the course arrow.
7.10.2.2. Initial Turn. The initial turn may be adjusted to roll out on a heading other than halfway between the bearing pointer and the desired fix and present location. If the range must be decreased, roll out on a heading closer to the bearing pointer. To increase the range, roll out on a heading closer to the desired radial.
7.10.3. Visualize. Visualize the aircraft position and the desired fix on the compass card of an RMI or similar instrument. The following factors must be understood when visually establishing the aircraft position and the desired fix on the compass card.
7.10.3.1. Station Location. The station is located at the center of the compass card, and the compass rose simulates the radials around the station.
7.10.3.2. Aircraft Position. The aircraft position is visualized along the reciprocal (radial) of the bearing pointer.
7.10.3.3. Fix. The fix with the greater range is established at the outer edge of the compass card. The fix with the lesser range is visualized at a point that is proportional to the distance represented by the outer edge of the compass card.
7.10.4. Determine Heading. Determine a precise heading from the aircraft position to the desired fix. Determine the heading to the fix by connecting the aircraft position to desired fix with an imaginary line. Establish another line in the same direction, parallel to the original line through the center of the compass card. This will establish a no-wind heading to the desired fix.
7.10.5. Adjust Heading. Adjust aircraft heading as necessary and proceed to the fix.
7.10.5.1. Drift. Apply any known wind drift correction. The effect of wind drift and any inaccuracy of the initial solution may be compensated for by repeating the previous steps while en route. As the aircraft approaches the desired fix, adjust the heading as necessary to intercept the arc or radial or to comply with route clearance beyond the fix.
7.10.5.2. Distance. The distance to the desired fix can be estimated since the distance between the aircraft position and the desired fix is proportionate to the distance established from the center to outer edge of the compass card.
7.10.6. Update. Update heading continuously enroute to refine your solution and correct for winds.
7.10.6.1. NOTE: The same problem can be easily and more accurately solved on the CPU/26A computer. This is done on the wind face by imagining that the center grommet is the station and applying the same basic techniques as in 7.10.3 though 7.10.5 above.
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