Q: Can a CFI provide instruction for compensation or hire while serving as pilot in command (PIC) with only a third class medical certificate?
A: Yes, the FAA has determined that the compensation a CFI receives for flight instruction is not compensation for piloting the aircraft but is rather compensation for the instruction. Therefore, flight instruction is not considered a "commercial operation" and a second class medical is not required. Although a second class medical certificate is required to exercise privileges of a commercial pilot certificate (which in turn is required for the CFI certificate), it is not required to exercise the privileges of your CFI certificate.

October 28, 1991
Mr. David Bodlak
Director of Flight Operations
Elliott Beechcraft of Omaha, Inc.
PO Box 19064
Omaha, NE 68119

Dear Mr. Bodlak:

Thank you for your letter of March 15, 1991, which was referred to this office by the Assistant Chief Counsel for the Central Region. We apologize that the press of other inquiries and regulatory matters have prevented us from answering sooner.

In your letter you ask several questions pertaining to rest periods required under Part 135 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR). You specifically ask about the boundaries of responsibility assigned to the certificate holder when operations unrelated to FAR Part 135 are conducted by a corporation holding an FAR Part 135 Operating Certificate.

The hypothetical situation you give is as follows:

ABC Company, Inc. (ABC) holds FAA operating certificates under FAR Parts 135, 141, and 145. ABC is engaged in the following activities:


Aircraft Maintenance (FAR Part 43, 145)
Aircraft Refurbishing
Aircraft Refueling
Aircraft Sales
On-demand Aircraft Charter (FAR Part 135)
Flight Training (FAR Part 141)
Contract Flight Operations (FAR Part 91)

Your first question asks whether a crewmember (we assume you mean a pilot) who is Part 135 qualified may participate in any of the activities listed below during a required rest period and still accept an assignment for ABC's Part 135 flight operations at the end of the rest period. The activities include:

Work for ABC's Certified Repair Station. (Part 145)
Painting an aircraft for ABC.
Fueling an aircraft for ABC.
Making an aircraft sales call for ABC.
Conduct of a training flight for ABC (Part 141)
Acting as a crewmember on a FAR Part 91 contract flight dispatched by ABC.

FAR 135.263(b) is quoted:


No certificate holder may assign any flight crewmember to
any duty with the certificate holder during any required
rest period.

None of the activities listed above may be performed by the flight crewmember during a rest period because they are all assigned by the certificate holder and thus in violation of FAR 135.263(b). The FAA has consistently interpreted a "rest period" to be a continuous period of time that is free from all restraint. This includes freedom from work, and freedom from responsibility for work should the occasion arise.

"Duty" has been interpreted to mean actual work for an air carrier or present responsibility to work should the occasion arise.

Your second question asks if this same flight crewmember may participate in the activities previously listed during a rest period if the work was done for another company, not ABC, and whether the flight crewmember could then accept an assignment with ABC for flight operations under Part 135, at the end of the rest period.

The answer is a qualified yes. ABC, as the certificate holder, has no way of forcing the flight crewmember to rest during a rest period. The prohibition against "other commercial flying" during a rest period applies to flying assigned by the certificate holder. The other commercial flying done by the flight crewmember does count against the daily 8 hour limitation if it is done before the Part 135 flying, and also counts against the pilot's quarterly and yearly flight time limitations. For example, 2 hours of "free lance" flight instruction by the pilot during his rest period limits him to only 6 hours of Part 135 flying time during that 24 consecutive hour period. Any other commercial flying done after the Part 135 flying does not count against the daily limitation, but still counts against quarterly and yearly totals.


An additional caution is that it is a violation of FAR 91.13 for a certificate holder or a flight crewmember to operate an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another. Lack of rest of the pilot is certainly a circumstance which could endanger others, and it is not necessary that the situation devolve into actual endangerment for there to be a violation of FAR 91.13. A certificate holder who uses a crewmember with knowledge of his or her lack of rest may be equally culpable along with the flight crewmember.

This interpretation has been prepared by Arthur E. Jacobson, Staff Attorney, Operations Law Branch, Regulations and Enforcement Division; Richard C. Beitel, Manager, and has been coordinated with the Air Transportation Division of the Flight Standards Service at FAA Headquarters. We hope it has satisfactorily answered your inquiry.

Sincerely,

Donald P. Byrne
Assistant Chief Counsel
Regulations and Enforcement Division

September 18, 1995

E.V. Fretwell
7130 Davis Ford
Manassas, VA 22111

Dear Mr. Fretwell:

Thank you for your letter of March 17, 1995, to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regarding the medical requirements for a certificated flight instructor.

Flight instructor eligibility requirements are in Section 61.183 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) (14 C.F.R. Part 61, Section 183). FAR Section 61.183, however, does not address medical certification requirements. It has been, and continues to be, the interpretation of the FAA to require a third class medical certificate for a certificated flight instructor who is acting as pilot in command or as a required flight crewmember while giving flight instruction. A certificated flight instructor who is not acting as pilot in command or as a required flight crewmember while giving flight instruction need not possess a valid medical certificate. (See Attachment, Part 61 Certification Bulletin No. 81-2).

Section 61.19(d)(1) of the FAR (14 C.F.R. Part 61, Section 19(d)(1)) states, in pertinent part, that a flight instructor certificate is effective only while the holder has a current pilot certificate and a medical certificate appropriate to the pilot privileges being exercised. (Emphasis added)

The FAA has determined that the compensation a certificated flight instructor receives for flight instruction is not compensation for piloting the aircraft but is rather compensation for the instruction. A certificated flight instructor who is acting as pilot in command or as a required flight crewmember and receiving compensation for his or her flight instruction is exercising only the privileges of a private pilot. A certificated flight instructor who is acting as pilot in command or as a required flight crewmember and receiving compensation for his or her flight instruction is not carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire, nor is he or she, for compensation or hire, acting as pilot in command of an aircraft. Therefore, since a certificated flight instructor who is acting as pilot in command or as a required flight crewmember and receiving compensation for his or her flight instruction is exercising the privileges of a private pilot, he or she only needs to hold a third class medical certificate. In this same regard, the FAA has determined that a certificated flight instructor on board an aircraft for the purpose of providing flight instruction, who does not act as pilot in command or function as a required flight crewmember, is not performing or exercising pilot privileges that would require him or her to possess a valid medical certificate under the FARs.

October 31, 1990 (#2)
INFORMATION: Interpretation of Rest Periods Required under Part 135

Acting Assistant Chief Counsel,
Regulations and Enforcement Division, AGC-200

Manager, NE-FSDO-03

This is in response to your memorandum of April 24, 1989, requesting an interpretation of Part 135 flight time limits and rest requirements. Your memorandum, which was originally sent to counsel for the New England region, was forwarded to us on May 4, 1989. We apologize for the delay in responding to your inquiry, and thank you for your patience.

In your memorandum, you state that there are companies in your region which hold more than one type of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certificate. For example, the same company may hold an air carrier certificate, operate flight schools under Parts 61 and 141 of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR), and operate an executive flight department under Part 91. You also tell us that in many cases, the same pilots are used by the company for all their different flying functions.

Question #1

Your first question concerns paragraph (d) of Section 135.267, which provides as follows:

"Each assignment under paragraph (b) must provide for at least 10 consecutive hours of rest during the 24-hour period that precedes the planned completion time of the assignment."

You ask whether a pilot for a company holding more than one type of certificate can fly company people under Part 91, flight instruct for the same company under Parts 61 and 141, and then count these types of flying time as rest within the meaning of paragraph (d) of Section 135.267.

Answer

The answer is no. A rest period cannot be infringed upon by the performance of any duty for the certificate holder.

For purposes of the Part 135 rest requirements, time spent engaging in such activities as flying company people under Part 1 and acting as flight instructor under Parts 61 and 141 would be considered "other commercial flying."

"Other commercial flying" means any nonmilitary flying as a required crewmember, other than in air transportation, for which the crewmember is paid for his or her services. The general rule regarding rest requirements is that if the other commercial flying is assigned by the certificate holder, it may not be conducted during a required rest period.

In the question you have presented to us, the same company or organization which is the Part 135 certificate holder is also assigning the other commercial flying. Although it may be wearing a different hat at the time of the assignment - that is, that of operator under Parts 61, 91, or 141 - it is still the pilot's employer in Part 135 operations.

We cannot accept the argument that the company is not acting as a Part 135 certificate holder when it assigns the pilot the other commercial flying time. To do so would be to permit the rest requirements of the FAR to be subverted. As you know, the rest requirements have an important safety purpose. They are intended to eliminate fatigue, and all the danger fatigue causes, as a factor in air transportation.

Question #2

Your second question, which also involves paragraph (d) of Section 135.267, is whether office functions associated with the Part 61 or Part 141 flight school or the Part 91 executive flight department can be assigned to a pilot by the company holding various certificates during rest periods required by Section 135.267(d).

Answer

The answer, which can be found in Section 135.263(b), is no. Section 135.263(b) contains rules which apply to all certificate holders, and provides as follows:

"No certificate holder may assign any flight crewmember to ANY duty with the certificate holder during any required rest period." (Emphasis added.)

Section 135.263(b)'s reference to duty is all-inclusive. By the plain terms of the regulation, a rest period cannot be infringed upon by the performance of any duty for the certificate holder, including office duty.

Question #3

Your third and final question concerns paragraph (f) of 135.267. Paragraph (f) provides as follows:

"The certificate holder must provide each flight crewmember at least 13 rest periods of at least 24 consecutive hours each in each calendar quarter."

You ask whether the company which is the certificate holder can assign office duties associated with the flight school or the executive flight department during the required rest periods.

As stated above, Section 135.263(b) provides that:

"No certificate holder may assign any flight crewmember to ANY duty with the certificate holder during any required rest period." (Emphasis added.)

Once again, since this provision's reference to duty is all-inclusive, a rest period cannot be infringed upon by the performance of any type of duty for the certificate holder, including office duty.

This interpretation has been coordinated with the Air Transportation Division of the Flight Standards Service at FAA Headquarters. We hope that it has satisfactorily answered your inquiry.


/s/

Donald P. Byrne

For purposes of the Part 135 rest requirements, time spent engaging in such activities as flying company people under Part 1 and acting as flight instructor under Parts 61 and 141 would be considered "other commercial flying."